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The method of measuring strain fields in fabrics, described earlier, is applied to an example of heavy industrial fabrics. The example chosen is that of heavy woven conveyor belts. Conveyor belts are limited in their load rating and fatigue life by the means used to join them together. Two forms of joint are used, mechanical joints and spliced joints. Experimentally determined strain fields are used to explain the mechanisms of failure of each type of joint, and to assess the effectiveness of a modified joint. Measurements of strains through the thickness of spliced joints are used to contribute to the understanding of failure mechanisms in such joints.

Almost all end-uses of fabrics make use of the ability of fabrics to suffer strains that are very large compared to engineering strains. This paper is the first of a series devoted to the measurement of large strains in fabrics. This paper considers some of the problems of fabric strain measurement and describes the use of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride film as the active element in an extensible strain sensor. Strain sensors based on this film are suitable for use with many industrial fabrics, for measuring strains that vary over time with periods of a few seconds or less.

The theoretical basis of a method of measuring true finite strains (Green’s Strains) in fabrics has been reported in an earlier paper. The purpose of the present paper is to outline how the method may be implemented in practice, and how current limitations of the method might be overcome. At present, the technique is confined to essentially planar specimens of fabric and to photographic techniques. Ways of developing the method to overcome its limitations are suggested.

Three basic approaches to retail institutional change can be discerned in the last 30 years. The first contends that institutional evolution is a function of developments in the socio‐economic environment. The second argues that change occurs in a cyclical fashion. The third considers inter‐institutional conflict to be the mainspring of retail change. None of those approaches is found to be entirely satisfactory, and a series of combination theories has been posited. It is argued that regional institutional change is the result of environmental forces and a cycle‐like sequence of inter‐institutional conflict.

A non-contact method of measuring strain fields in fabrics, described in previous papers, has been applied to a problem in garment engineering. The particular problem is that of the strain developed across seams in garments intended for use in the operating room, where seam failure is unacceptable. The method is applied to the back seams of prototype disposable trousers constructed with different ease allowances. The difficulties of applying the method in practice to garments that are stressed by large movements of the body are discussed. The methods used to overcome the difficulties are described. Example strain fields from the study are given.

Goal orientations and classroom goal structures proved to be highly predictive of classroom-related behaviors and academic achievement. The purpose of the present study was to predict students’ classroom behaviors from goal orientations and classroom goal structures and compare those predictions across students with and without learning problems. Participants were 209 typical students and 18 students with learning difficulties/disabilities (LD). Individual goal orientations and perceptions of classrooms’ goal structures were assessed using self-reports. Student behaviors were assessed over five consecutive days during school hours. Using Multilevel Random Coefficient Modeling (MRCM) procedures, results indicated that mastery approach goals and a mastery goal structure were positive predictors of positive affect, student engagement and students’ perceptions of reinforcement from teachers. Mastery avoidance goals were a negative predictor of positive affective states and a positive predictor of both negative affective states and perceptions of punishment. Last, performance approach goals and a performance goal structure exerted deleterious effects on students’ positive classroom behaviors, particularly for students with LD. When matching mastery goals with a mastery goal structure, effects were significantly more pronounced, and in the desired direction, compared to the matching of performance goals with a performance goal structure. Implications of the findings for practice are discussed.

One of the common solutions to the business problems, disruptions and new developments of the global world is enhancing the resilience of systems, countries and organizations. Applying resilience differs according to business environments and context-based requirements of industries, which create a lack of consensus regarding how to achieve and apply it. To fill this gap and answer the main question, this study proposes to handle the resilience concept from an organizational perspective. By using an organizational point of view this study aims to offer an applicable philosophy that can be used by a wide range of stakeholders.

The main question of the study is to figure out whether “Is there any approach/lens to achieve resilient organizations which can be applied by the stakeholders of the system.” To reach such a “common application/approach” where the stakeholders can reach a consensus, a systematic literature review has been conducted to determine the existing approaches and practices.

The contribution of the study lies in two folds: to offer a maritime business resilience definition from the organizational point of view and to show the requirement of organizational resilience management philosophy in the maritime business context. An applicable framework is offered for the stakeholders of the maritime business transport system.

The research has some limitations. This study is designed on a systematic review to figure out existing approaches used in the maritime business field and to defend and prove the necessity of organizational resilience management philosophy in maritime business management which helps organizational survival. Further research should use different methods to empirically test the conceptual model according to different segments/stakeholders of the maritime industry. Also, this research opens a new field of study about resilience subject from the maritime context where organizational approach mentions hardly any. Therefore, future studies should investigate developing key performance indicators of components of the proposed model and its effects on maritime organizations.

As a volatile industry, increasing resilience capability helps maritime organizations to decrease the effects of disruptions while at the same enable them to operate the core business functions in the maritime business. Maritime business needs to solve not only one-time problems but also needs to resolve and exploit new opportunities from disruptions via resilient management philosophy, which help organizational adaption in fluctuating periods. To prevent such problems and become ready for complex environmental changes, organizational resilience management philosophy is vital.

Organizational resilience offers maritime business a holistic approach to evaluate problems of the system by submitting multiple ways to handle problems that help to manage uncertainty and change. Resilient management philosophy enables maritime business organizations to fight against their vulnerabilities that create risk, especially in a turbulent business environment.

The originality of the study lies in highlighting the importance of organizational resilience management philosophy in the maritime business context. And an organizational resilience framework is offered.

The purpose of the present study was to predict reading comprehension, reading interest, and reading efficacy from teaching styles. Participants were 109 students with learning disabilities from seven elementary schools in Germany. By use of observational protocols and multilevel random coefficient modeling to account for the multilevel structure of the data, results indicated that: (a) reading comprehension was positively predicted from students’ attitudes and a structured classroom discourse, and negatively by a flexible teaching style, (b) reading interest was positively predicted by a structured and positive climate, and negatively by a discourse that was too guided, and (c) reading efficacy was predicted positively from students’ attitudes and teachers’ fostering, and negatively from teachers’ flexibility, guidance, and structure. Implications of the findings are discussed in the context of creating adaptive classroom climates for learners who have difficulties in learning.

Resilience, the ability of start-ups to deal with anticipated instabilities and probable disruptions, is becoming an important success element during coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). To survive in this pandemic situation, resilience is an important concept for start-ups. The present paper aims to “identify”, “analyse” and “categorize” the resilience factors for start-ups during the Covid-19 pandemic using total interpretive structural modelling (TISM).

The resilience elements of start-ups during Covid-19 were identified and shortlisted during the first phase, which included literature analysis and extensive interaction with experts. TISM was used in the second phase to investigate or to determine how the factors interplayed between the resilience factors of start-ups during Covid-19. The Matrice d'impacts Croises Multiplication Appliquee a un Classment (MICMAC) method is used to rank and categorize the factors. Closed-ended questionnaire with the scheduled interview was conducted to collect the data.

The first part of the study found ten resilience elements in total. The TISM digraph was constructed in the second step to show why one resilience component led to another. The MICMAC analysis divided these factors into four groups: autonomous, linkage, dependent and independent. These groups represented resilience variables based on their driving and dependent power, which assist executives and managers in proactively addressing them while using the TISM digraph as a guide.

During the Covid-19 epidemic, this study focused primarily on resilience characteristics for Indian start-ups.

This study will help key stakeholders and scholars to better understand the elements that contribute to start-up's resilience.

The TISM method for start-up's resilience is suggested in this paper, which is a novel attempt in the field of resilience in this industry.

The usual method of determining the characteristics of an airscrew by the curves of ? and x as a function of the advance/ diameter ratio neglects the deformations to which an airscrew in rotation is subject, and, desiring a more accurate method of investigation, the Service des Recherches de l'Aéronautique asked Commandant Ledoux to work out a method capable of practical application for the measurement of deformations. This report gives in detail the results of his work.